Roofing shingle



June 12, 1934. G. B. EAYNE 1,962,612

ROOFING SHINGLE Filed Jan. 9, 1931 l0 IO 29 /7 Q INVENTOR Adm,

' A TTORNEY L 66/4/1 lay/2e Patented June 12, 1934 1,962,612 ROOFING s nuous Gerald B. Payne, S craz:ton,,Pa.,assignor to The Patent and Licensing Corporation, Boston, Mass, a corporation of Massachusetts Application January 9, 1931, Serial No. 507,605 SCIaims. (01. 108-75) This invention relates to covering a structure suchas a roof with so-called composition shingles that consist of a felted faoric saturated or impregnated witha waterproofing compound, such as asphalt or similar bitumen and'coated on one or both sides with a high melting point blown asphalt in which is partially embedded a surfacing layer of granules such as crushed slate, tile or the like. i i

An object of my invention is to provide a set of complemental shingles of simple construction which can be laid with ease and rapidityby an unskilled'workman. V

Another object of my invention is to provide a set of shingles which have interlocking. portions so positioned that when the shingles are laid, the butt ends of the individual shingles form a continuous straight line to present a pleasing appearance.

A still further object of my invention is to provide a set of shingles, which can be laidwith a minimumamount of material to cover a given area consistent with adequate protection, which are so proportioned as to require a relatively Other advantages will be apparent fromfthe following description and'drawingin which;

Figure 1 represents a plan viewof one of the shingles of the set, t e e Figure 2 represents a plan view of the other shingle of the set,

Figural; represents a plan view showing the appearance of several courses of shingles, shown in Figures 1 and 2, when laid,

well-known formof prepared asphalt coated and mineral surfaced roofing material.

According to the invention the shingle A is of generally rectangular shape with butt and head edges 16 and 17, respectively, and equilength parallel lateral edges .14 and 15 and with its major axis extending in the same direction as the butt and head edges thereof. On each of the 4.

small number of shingles to cover a unit area.

Figure 4 representsthe manner in which the shingles may be cut out froma web or sheet-of lateral edges 14 and 15 isaV shaped projection edges 14 and 15 a distance corresponding to the amount of overlap desired between the adjacent shingles in each course. The lateral edges 12 are parallel to the side edges 14 and 15 and extend inwardly from the butt edge 16 a distance on 1 approximately one-half the length of the edge 13. The apex of each notch is preferably cut away by a small arcuate cut-out that assists in applying the shingle and prevents tearing during the application thereof. The upper faceof the o5 shingle A has. aligning means thereon which as shown consists of short slits 10 extending through the upper edge 19 and each of said slits being located a predetermined distance from its adjacent side 14 or 15. e

The shingle B is complementary to shingle A and is also of a general rectangular shape with butt and head edges 26 and 27 respectively, and

' parallel lateral, edges 24 and 25 equal in length to lateral edges 14 and 15 of shingle A, and with its major axis extending in the same direction as the butt and head edges. Spaced from the upper edge 27 andlocated on the lateral edges 24 and '25 are V shaped notches 28 that are the counterpartsof'th'e projections 18 on ,the shingle A. These notches serve as indicating means for the accurate desired vertical spacing of successive courses, and permit the applicator to properly position the shingle of each course inthe hori zontal direction by placing the butt edge of each 35 shingle in, registry with the apex of a notch in a shingle of the immediately preceding course. On each of the lower corners of the shingle B, there is an outwardly extending side tab 21 complementaryin shape to the notches 11 of shingle A, and having at itsupper corner an arcuate projection 54 which is the exact counterpart of the arcuate cut-out 45 on shingle A. The tab 21 has, anupper edge23 that is parallel to the butt and head edges 26 and 27 and of a length equal to thatof the upper edge 13 of the notch 11 of the, shingle A, and a lateral edge 22 that is parallel to the lateral edges 24 and 25 and of a length equal to that of the lateral edge 12 of the notch 11 of the shingle A. l l

Shingle elements as thus described may be cut from a sheet of mineral surfaced roofing material 1 without any waste as shown in Figure 4, where it is seen that the cutting operation may be performed by severing the sheet along spaced parallel transverse lines 60,61and 63 and along longitudinal line i 62, connecting adjacent lines of severance 60 and 61. As will he noted the suc cessive cuts 61 are disposed on alternately opposite sides of the successive cuts 60, and thus there is formed a series of alternately occurring shingles A and B. At the junctures of each slit 61 with a slit 62, the sheet is out along a small arc to define the cut-out 45 of shingle A and corresponding projection 54 of shingle B. The short slits 63 are in line with the cuts 61 and extend a slight distance inwardly from the head portion of each shingle. It will be understood of course that a sheet of any desired width, which is a multiple of the height of the shingles to be produced may be employed, and a number of longitudinally extending rows of shingles may be cut with each row consisting of alternately occurring shingles A and B as already described, and the sheet being slit longitudinally to separate the shingles of adjoining rows.

The shingles may be packed alternately, in the direction in which they are delivered, thus requiring a minimum amount of handling at this point, and affording an adequate protection for the shingles in the bundle.

In laying the shingles and assuming for purposes of description that they are being laid from left to right, the left hand tab of a shingle B is out ofl. to provide a straight edge which can be arranged in the usual way to coincide with the verge lineof the roof, The shingle is then placed on the supporting structure and nailed at its upper left hand corner and at the approximate center of the right tab 21. A shingle A is then taken from the bundle in which the shingles A and B are stacked alternately as heretofore described, and its left hand tab 19 is slid under the right hand side of the shingle B, the top corner of which is free, until the cut-out 45 is in contact with the apex formed by the edges 23 and 25 of shingle B. In order that the shingles may simulate rectangular areas, withv the butt edges extending in a continuous straight line, the shingle A is swung about the contacting means until the upper edges 17 and 27 of A and B respectively, or the slit 10 and the edge 24 of A and B respectively, are in the same straight line, thus causing the lateral edge 25 of shingle B to be in the same straight line with the lateral edge 12 of the notch in shingle A. A nail is then driven through the upper right hand. corner of shingle B at 30 to pass through the upper left hand corner of shingle A and into the supporting structure. The shingle A is further nailed at 31 at the diagonally opposite lower corner adjacent the lateral edge 15. The left hand tab 21 of another shingle B, which is the next shingle in the bundle, is slid under the lower right hand free corner of the shingle A until the apex formed by the upper edge 23 of the tab atthe lower left-hand corner of the shingle B is in contact with the circular cut-out 45 in the notch 11 of shingle A. Shingle B is swung about this line until the upper edges 1'7 of shingle A and 27 of shingle B are in the same straight line. A nail is then driven at 32 in the upper left hand corner of the shingle B.

and passes through the upper right hand corner of the shingle A and into the supporting structure. This shingle is further fastened by projecting a nail through the approximate center of the tab 21 at the lower right hand corner of this shingle. This is continued until the course is completed.

The next course is laid by cutting a shingle,

either A or B, so that its exposed lateral righthand edge will be substantially coincident with the center line of the first laidcourse. The shingle B, for example, is laid so that the exposed edge is at the center of the strip B in the preced- 1,ec2,c12

ing course and so that the butt edge'of the strip is in alignment with the notch 26 of the lower strip, with the head and side laps equal. Nails are driven through the upper left. hand corner of this strip B and through the right tab 21. The succeeding shingles are laid and nailed in this course in the same manner that the shingles were laid in the preceding course. It will thus be seen that although but two nails are driven through each shingle, every shingle is fastened at four places, namely at one of the lower corners, both of the upper corners, and adjacent the upper edge intermediate the upper corners. The other lower corner which is not nailed is held secure in flat position by the interlocking arrangement with the adjacent shingle. This construction allows each shingle to accommodate itself to the expansion and contraction of the roof boardswithout buckling 0r tearing.

To illustrate specifically an economical set of shingles, constructed according to my invention, the shingle A is twenty-two inches long between the lateral-edges 14 and 15 and twelve inches high between the butt and head edges 16 and 17 with the right angle notch edges 12 and 13 measuring one and one-half and twoand one-half inches inwardly from the butt and side edges respectively. The complementary shingle B is 17 inches between the lateral edges 24 and 25 and the same height between the head and butt edges as the shingle A, with the tab edges extending outwardly from the lateral edges 24 and 25 a distance of two and one-half inches and upwardly from the butt edge a distance one and one-half inches. The shingles so constructed and dimensioned, may be laid so as to expose approximately four-fifths of the total height of the shingle in each course, with a two and one-half inch head and side lap. With the above described shingles it requires but ninety shingles per square with a total of approximately 146 square feet of material per square, the finished structure having a side and head lap of two and one-half inches. Thus, a given area may be covered with a relatively small number of shingles and a minimum amount of material, the finished structure being entirely weatherproof and having a pleasing appearance.

I claim as my invention:

1. A roof covering comprising a plurality of courses of shingles, one of said courses including a plurality of shingles having locking projections at their lower corners and laid in an alternate relationship with other shingles having recesses at each of their lower corners in interlocking engagement with said locking projections on adjacent shingles.

2. A roof covering comprising a plurality of courses of shingles, one of said courses including a plurality of unlike shingles laid alternately adjacent each other so that the tab extending at opposite edges of, one shingle is overlapped by the shingles laid adjacent each of said opposite edges, said adjacent shingles each having their lower corners cut for interlocking engagement with the tabs of the first named shingles.

3. A roofing or other surface covering comprising a plurality of courses of waterproof shingles, with one shingle having a recess at each of its lower corners and another shingle having tabs at each of its lower corners, the shingles being laid side by side with the tabs of one shingle overlapped by the other shingle.

4. As an article of manufacture a set of roofing elements, one element of the set having a recess at each of the lower corners thereof and another element of the set having a lateral extension at each of its lower corners.

5. As an article of manufacture a set of covering elements, oneof the elements of the set comprising a body portion having a lateral projection or tab on each side of the body portion extending in opposite directions to each other from the lower end thereof, a second element of the set having a recess on each side of its body portion adjacent the lower end thereof, said recess being a counterpart of the tab on the first mentioned element.

6. A roofing or other surface covering comprising a plurality of courses of waterproof shingles, with alternate shingles of each course having a tab at each of its lower corners,-overlapped by the adjacent shingles in the same course and interlocking with recesses at the lower corners of said adjacent shingles.

7. A roof or other surface covering comprising a plurality of courses of sets of shingles laid in GERALD B. PAYNE. 

